Majjhima Nikāya 118 Ānāpānassatisutta Evaṁ me sutaṁ— ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde sambahulehi abhiññātehi abhiññātehi therehi sāvakehi saddhiṁ— āyasmatā ca sāriputtena āyasmatā ca mahāmoggallānena āyasmatā ca mahākassapena āyasmatā ca mahākaccāyanena āyasmatā ca mahākoṭṭhikena āyasmatā ca mahākappinena āyasmatā ca mahācundena āyasmatā ca anuruddhena āyasmatā ca revatena āyasmatā ca ānandena, aññehi ca abhiññātehi abhiññātehi therehi sāvakehi saddhiṁ.

ānāpānasati - Mindfulness of Breathing

Thus have I heard:

At one time, the Blessed One was residing at Sāvatthī, in the Eastern Park, at the Palace of Migāras Mother, along with a large number of well-known elder disciples, with the Venerable Sāriputta, the Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, the Venerable Mahākassapa, the Venerable Mahākaccāyana, the Venerable Mahākoṭṭhita, the Venerable Mahākappina, the Venerable Mahācunda, the Venerable Anuruddha, the Venerable Revata, the Venerable Ānanda, and with other well-known elder disciples.

Tena kho pana samayena therā bhikkhū nave bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti.

At that time, the senior disciples were instructing and guiding new disciples.

Appekacce therā bhikkhū dasapi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū vīsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū tiṁsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū cattārīsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti. Te ca navā bhikkhū therehi bhikkhūhi ovadiyamānā anusāsiyamānā uḷāraṁ pubbenāparaṁ visesaṁ jānanti.

Some senior disciples instructed and guided ten disciples; some instructed and guided twenty disciples; some instructed and guided thirty disciples; some instructed and guided forty disciples. And these newly ordained disciples, being instructed and advised by the senior disciples, achieved great distinction in the beginning to the end (of their training).

Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase pavāraṇāya puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti.

At that time, the Blessed One, on the full-moon day, surrounded by the community of disciples, was sitting in the open air.

Atha kho bhagavā tuṇhībhūtaṁ tuṇhībhūtaṁ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ anuviloketvā bhikkhū āmantesi: “āraddhosmi, bhikkhave, imāya paṭipadāya; āraddhacittosmi, bhikkhave, imāya paṭipadāya.

Then the Blessed One, having surveyed the quiet and silent assembly of disciples, addressed them:

I am inspired in this practice; I am satisfied with this practice, disciples.

Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, bhiyyoso mattāya vīriyaṁ ārabhatha appattassa pattiyā, anadhigatassa adhigamāya, asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya.

Therefore strive with diligence to attain the unattained, to reach the unreached, to realize the unrealized.

Idhevāhaṁ sāvatthiyaṁ komudiṁ cātumāsiniṁ āgamessāmī”ti.

Here in Sāvatthī, I will stay through the rainy season, the four-month period.

Assosuṁ kho jānapadā bhikkhū: “bhagavā kira tattheva sāvatthiyaṁ komudiṁ cātumāsiniṁ āgamessatī”ti.

The disciples from the countryside heard it said, It is said that the Blessed One will stay right there in Sāvatthī for the rainy season, the four-month period.

Te jānapadā bhikkhū sāvatthiṁ osaranti bhagavantaṁ dassanāya.

These disciples from the countryside went to Sāvatthī to see the Blessed One.

Te ca kho therā bhikkhū bhiyyoso mattāya nave bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti.

And the senior disciples then further instructed and guided new disciples.

Appekacce therā bhikkhū dasapi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū vīsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū tiṁsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti, appekacce therā bhikkhū cattārīsampi bhikkhū ovadanti anusāsanti. Te ca navā bhikkhū therehi bhikkhūhi ovadiyamānā anusāsiyamānā uḷāraṁ pubbenāparaṁ visesaṁ jānanti.

Some senior disciples instructed and guided ten disciples; some instructed and guided twenty disciples; some instructed and guided thirty disciples; some instructed and guided forty disciples.

The new disciples, being instructed and guided by the elder disciples, come to know a profound distinction between the beginning and the end (of their training).

Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe pannarase komudiyā cātumāsiniyā puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto abbhokāse nisinno hoti.

Now, at that time, the Blessed One, surrounded by a congregation of disciples, was seated in the open air on the full-moon night of the fifteenth day, during the Komudi, the four-month observance.

Atha kho bhagavā tuṇhībhūtaṁ tuṇhībhūtaṁ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ anuviloketvā bhikkhū āmantesi: “Apalāpāyaṁ, bhikkhave, parisā; nippalāpāyaṁ, bhikkhave, parisā; suddhā sāre patiṭṭhitā.

Then the Blessed One, after surveying the silent assembly of disciples, addressed them:

This assembly is without idle chatter; this assembly is without idle chatter; it is established in pure substance.

Tathārūpo ayaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho; tathārūpā ayaṁ, bhikkhave, parisā yathārūpā parisā āhuneyyā pāhuneyyā dakkhiṇeyyā añjalikaraṇīyā anuttaraṁ puññakkhettaṁ lokassa.

Such a sangha of disciples, and such an assembly:

They are assemblies that are worthy of offerings, worthy of hospitality, worthy of gifts, worthy of reverential salutation, an unsurpassed field of merit for the world.

Tathārūpo ayaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho; tathārūpā ayaṁ, bhikkhave, parisā yathārūpāya parisāya appaṁ dinnaṁ bahu hoti, bahu dinnaṁ bahutaraṁ.

Such a sangha of disciples, and such an assembly:

In which an offering made, though small, becomes something great; an offering given, though much, becomes something even greater.

Tathārūpo ayaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho; tathārūpā ayaṁ, bhikkhave, parisā yathārūpā parisā dullabhā dassanāya lokassa.

Such a sangha of disciples, and such an assembly:

Such assemblies are rare to be seen in the world.

Such a sangha of disciples, and such an assembly:

Tathārūpo ayaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhusaṅgho; tathārūpā ayaṁ, bhikkhave, parisā yathārūpaṁ parisaṁ alaṁ yojanagaṇanāni dassanāya gantuṁ puṭosenāpi.

They are such assemblies that people travel from afar just to see them, even if they must go many leagues.

Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṁyojanā sammadaññāvimuttā— evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe.

There are in this sangha of disciples, arahants, ones with taints destroyed, who have lived the holy life, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, reached the highest good, destroyed the fetters of becoming, and are rightly liberated through perfect wisdom.

Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe pañcannaṁ orambhāgiyānaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā— evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe.

Even such disciples, also exist in this sangha.

There are, in this sangha of disciples, those who with the destruction of the five lower fetters, spontaneously arise, and there attain final Nibbāna, without ever returning from that world.

Even such disciples, also exist in this sangha.

Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe tiṇṇaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṁ tanuttā sakadāgāmino sakideva imaṁ lokaṁ āgantvā dukkhassantaṁ karissanti— evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe.

There are in this sangha of disciples, those who with the destruction of three fetters and with the reduction of greed, hatred, and delusion, become once-returners, who, having returned once to this world, will make an end of suffering.

Even such disciples, also exist in this sangha.

Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe tiṇṇaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ parikkhayā sotāpannā avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyanā— evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe.

There are, in this sangha of disciples, those who with the destruction of three fetters, are stream-enterers who are not liable to fall into states of woe, steadfast, with final awakening as their destination.

Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe catunnaṁ satipaṭṭhānānaṁ bhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti— evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe.

Even such disciples, also exist in this sangha.

There are in this sangha of disciples, those who are devotedly engaged in the development of the four dwellings of mindfulness.

Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe catunnaṁ sammappadhānānaṁ bhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti …pe…

Even such disciples exist within this assembly.

There are disciples, in this assembly who are devoted to the practice of the four Right Efforts …

catunnaṁ iddhipādānaṁ … pañcannaṁ indriyānaṁ …

who engage in developing the four Bases of Spiritual Power …

pañcannaṁ balānaṁ …

the five Faculties …

sattannaṁ bojjhaṅgānaṁ …

the five Powers …

ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa bhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti— evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe.

the seven Factors of awakening … and the Noble Eightfold Path.

Even such disciples exist within this assembly.

Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe mettābhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti …

There are disciples, in this assembly who live devoted to the development of goodwill …

karuṇābhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti …

compassion … sympathetic joy … equanimity …

muditābhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti …

the contemplation of foulness …

upekkhābhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti …

and the perception of impermanence.

asubhabhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti …

Even such disciples exist within this assembly.

aniccasaññābhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti— evarūpāpi, bhikkhave, santi bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe.

There are disciples, in this assembly who are devoted to the practice of mindfulness of breathing.

Santi, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmiṁ bhikkhusaṅghe ānāpānassatibhāvanānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti.

Mindfulness of breathing, when developed and cultivated, is of great fruit and great benefit.

Ānāpānassati, bhikkhave, bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṁsā.

When developed and cultivated, it fulfills the Four dwellings of mindfulness.

Ānāpānassati, bhikkhave, bhāvitā bahulīkatā cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti.

The Four dwellings of mindfulness, when developed and cultivated, fulfill the Seven Factors of awakening.

Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrenti.

The Seven Factors of awakening, when developed and cultivated, fulfill knowing and liberation.

Satta bojjhaṅgā bhāvitā bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṁ paripūrenti.

Mindfulness of Breathing

Kathaṁ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, ānāpānassati kathaṁ bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṁsā?

How, is mindfulness of breathing developed and cultivated to be of great fruit and great benefit?

Herein, a disciple, having gone to the forest, to the root of a tree, or to an empty hut, sits down, cross-legged, with his body erect, and establishes mindfulness in the body.

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṁ ābhujitvā ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā.

Mindful, he breathes in, mindful, he breathes out.

When breathing in deeply, he knows.

When breathing out deeply, he knows.

When breathing in subtly, he knows.

So satova assasati satova passasati.

When breathing out subtly, he knows.

Dīghaṁ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṁ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; rassaṁ vā assasanto ‘rassaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā passasanto ‘rassaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.

He trains himself: I shall breathe in experiencing the whole body; he trains himself: I shall breathe out experiencing the whole body. He trains himself: I shall breathe in calming the bodily formation; he trains himself: I shall breathe out calming the bodily formation.

He trains himself: I shall breathe in experiencing energetic joy; he trains himself: I shall breathe out experiencing energetic joy. He trains himself: I shall breathe in experiencing pleasure; he trains himself: I shall breathe out experiencing pleasure.

‘Pītipaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘pītipaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘sukhapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sukhapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṁ cittasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ cittasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.

I will breathe in experiencing the mental formation, thus he trains himself; I will breathe out experiencing the mental formation, thus he trains himself. I will breathe in calming the mental formation, thus he trains himself; I will breathe out calming the mental formation, thus he trains himself.

I will breathe in experiencing the mind, thus he trains himself; I will breathe out experiencing the mind, thus he trains himself. I will breathe in gladdening the mind, thus he trains himself; I will breathe out gladdening the mind, thus he trains himself.

‘Cittapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘cittapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘abhippamodayaṁ cittaṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘abhippamodayaṁ cittaṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘samādahaṁ cittaṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘samādahaṁ cittaṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘vimocayaṁ cittaṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘vimocayaṁ cittaṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.

I will breathe in collecting the mind, thus he trains himself; I will breathe out collecting the mind, thus he trains himself. I will breathe in freeing the mind, thus he trains himself; I will breathe out freeing the mind, thus he trains himself.

I will breathe in contemplating impermanence, thus he trains himself; I will breathe out contemplating impermanence, thus he trains himself. I will breathe in contemplating dispassion, thus he trains himself; I will breathe out contemplating dispassion, thus he trains himself.

‘Aniccānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘aniccānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘virāgānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘virāgānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘nirodhānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘nirodhānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘paṭinissaggānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘paṭinissaggānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.

I will breathe in contemplating cessation, thus he trains himself; I will breathe out contemplating cessation, thus he trains himself. I will breathe in contemplating relinquishment, thus he trains himself; I will breathe out contemplating relinquishment, thus he trains himself.

Thus developed mindfulness of breathing, when frequently practiced, is of great fruit, of great benefit.

The Four Dwellings of Mindfulness

Evaṁ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassati evaṁ bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṁsā. Kathaṁ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, ānāpānassati kathaṁ bahulīkatā cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti?

And how is mindfulness of breathing developed and made much of, so that it fulfills the four dwellings of mindfulness?

When a disciple breathes in deeply, he knows; when he breathes out deeply, he knows.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dīghaṁ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṁ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; rassaṁ vā assasanto ‘rassaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā passasanto ‘rassaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; kāye kāyānupassī, bhikkhave, tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

When he breathes in subtly, he knows; when he breathes out subtly, he knows. I will breathe in experiencing the whole body, thus he trains himself; I will breathe out experiencing the whole body, thus he trains himself. I will breathe in calming the bodily formation, thus he trains himself; I will breathe out calming the bodily formation, thus he trains himself.

At that time a disciple dwells contemplating the body in the body, ardent, clearly knowing, and mindful, having subdued craving and aversion for the world.

Kāyesu kāyaññatarāhaṁ, bhikkhave, evaṁ vadāmi yadidaṁ—assāsapassāsā.

In the body, I say there is just this, the in-breathing and out-breathing, which is a body among the bodies.

Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, kāye kāyānupassī tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

Therefore at that time, a disciple dwells contemplating the body in the body, ardent, clearly knowing, and mindful, having subdued craving and aversion for the world.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘pītipaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘pītipaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘sukhapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sukhapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṁ cittasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ cittasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; vedanāsu vedanānupassī, bhikkhave, tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

When a disciple trains, I will breathe in experiencing energetic joy, and trains I will breathe out experiencing energetic joy;

I will breathe in experiencing pleasure, he trains himself, I will breathe out experiencing pleasure, he trains himself;

I will breathe in experiencing the mental formation, he trains himself, I will breathe out experiencing the mental formation, he trains himself;

I will breathe in calming the mental formation, he trains himself, I will breathe out calming the mental formation, he trains himself;

Vedanāsu vedanāññatarāhaṁ, bhikkhave, evaṁ vadāmi yadidaṁ—assāsapassāsānaṁ sādhukaṁ manasikāraṁ.

At that time a disciple dwells contemplating feelings in feelings, ardent, clearly knowing, and mindful, having subdued craving and aversion for the world.

Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, vedanāsu vedanānupassī tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

Disciples, I say that careful application of attention to in-breaths and out-breaths is a certain kind of feeling among feelings.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘cittapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘cittapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘abhippamodayaṁ cittaṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘abhippamodayaṁ cittaṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘samādahaṁ cittaṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘samādahaṁ cittaṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘vimocayaṁ cittaṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘vimocayaṁ cittaṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; citte cittānupassī, bhikkhave, tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

Therefore, at that time, the disciple dwells contemplating feeling in feelings, ardent, clearly knowing, and mindful, having subdued craving and aversion for the world.

At the time the disciple trains himself, I will breathe in experiencing the mind, I will breathe out experiencing the mind;

I will breathe in gladdening the mind, he trains himself, I will breathe out gladdening the mind, he trains himself;

I will breathe in collecting the mind, he trains himself, I will breathe out collecting the mind, he trains himself;

Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, muṭṭhassatissa asampajānassa ānāpānassatiṁ vadāmi.

I will breathe in freeing the mind, he trains himself, I will breathe out freeing the mind, he trains himself;

Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, citte cittānupassī tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

At that time, the disciple dwells contemplating mind in the mind, ardent, clearly knowing, and mindful, having subdued craving and aversion for the world.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘aniccānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘aniccānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘virāgānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘virāgānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘nirodhānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘nirodhānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘paṭinissaggānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘paṭinissaggānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; dhammesu dhammānupassī, bhikkhave, tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

Disciples, I do not say mindfulness of breathing is for one who is forgetful or lacks clear knowing.

Therefore, at that time, the disciple dwells contemplating mind in the mind, ardent, clearly knowing, and mindful, having subdued craving and aversion for the world.

At the time the disciple trains himself, I will breathe in contemplating impermanence, I will breathe out contemplating impermanence;

I will breathe in contemplating fading away, he trains himself, I will breathe out contemplating fading away, he trains himself;

So yaṁ taṁ abhijjhādomanassānaṁ pahānaṁ taṁ paññāya disvā sādhukaṁ ajjhupekkhitā hoti.

I will breathe in contemplating cessation, he trains himself, I will breathe out contemplating cessation, he trains himself;

I will breathe in contemplating relinquishment, he trains himself, I will breathe out contemplating relinquishment, he trains himself;

Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, dhammesu dhammānupassī tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

At that time, the disciple dwells contemplating phenomena in phenomena, ardent, clearly knowing, and mindful, having subdued craving and aversion for the world.

Evaṁ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, ānāpānassati evaṁ bahulīkatā cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti.

Having seen with wisdom the abandonment of craving and aversion, he abides reflecting wisely.

Kathaṁ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā kathaṁ bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrenti? Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ, upaṭṭhitāssa tasmiṁ samaye sati hoti asammuṭṭhā. Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno upaṭṭhitā sati hoti asammuṭṭhā, satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti.

Therefore, at that time the disciple dwells contemplating the Dhamma in the Dhammas, ardent, fully aware, mindful, having subdued craving and aversion for the world.

Thus developed and thus frequently practiced, mindfulness of breathing fulfills the four dwellings of mindfulness.

The Seven Factors of Awakening

How are the four dwellings of mindfulness developed and practiced frequently so that they fulfill the seven factors of awakening?

When a disciple, at that time, dwells contemplating the body in the body, ardent, fully aware, mindful, having subdued craving and aversion for the world, mindfulness is established, continuous, and unbroken.

Satisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

When mindfulness is established in a disciple unbroken, the mindfulness awakening factor is aroused in him at that time.

So tathāsato viharanto taṁ dhammaṁ paññāya pavicinati pavicayati parivīmaṁsaṁ āpajjati.

He cultivates the mindfulness awakening factor, and it reaches the culmination of its development.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāsato viharanto taṁ dhammaṁ paññāya pavicinati pavicayati parivīmaṁsaṁ āpajjati, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

Thus, dwelling mindful in this way, he investigates, examines, and thoroughly discerns that dhamma with wisdom. At that time, when a disciple dwells mindful in this way, investigating, examining, and thoroughly discerning that dhamma with wisdom, at that time the awakening factor of the investigation of phenomena is aroused in the disciple.

Tassa taṁ dhammaṁ paññāya pavicinato pavicayato parivīmaṁsaṁ āpajjato āraddhaṁ hoti vīriyaṁ asallīnaṁ.

At that time the disciple develops the awakening factor of the investigation of phenomena, and by development it comes to fulfillment.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṁ dhammaṁ paññāya pavicinato pavicayato parivīmaṁsaṁ āpajjato āraddhaṁ hoti vīriyaṁ asallīnaṁ, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

As he investigates, examines, and thoroughly scrutinizes the Dhamma with wisdom, unsluggish energy arises. When unsluggish energy arises in a disciple who investigates, examines, and scrutinizes the Dhamma with wisdom, the energy awakening factor is aroused in him at that time. He cultivates the energy awakening factor, and it reaches the culmination of its development.

Āraddhavīriyassa uppajjati pīti nirāmisā.

For one whose energy is aroused, non-sensual energetic joy arises.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno āraddhavīriyassa uppajjati pīti nirāmisā, pītisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, pītisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, pītisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

When non-sensual energetic joy arises in a disciple whose energy is aroused, the joy awakening factor is aroused in him at that time. He cultivates the joy awakening factor, and it reaches the culmination of its development.

Pītimanassa kāyopi passambhati, cittampi passambhati.

For one with an energetic and joyful mind, the body and mind both become tranquil.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pītimanassa kāyopi passambhati, cittampi passambhati, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, when a disciples mind is filled with energetic joy, his body relaxes and his mind also becomes calm. At that time, the awakening factor of tranquility is present within the disciple, and the disciple develops the awakening factor of tranquility, which then reaches full development in him.

Passaddhakāyassa sukhino cittaṁ samādhiyati. Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno passaddhakāyassa sukhino cittaṁ samādhiyati, samādhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, samādhisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, samādhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

When the body is relaxed and the disciple is happy, his mind becomes collected.

At the time, when a disciple whose body is relaxed and who is happy, attains a collected mind, the awakening factor of collectedness is present within the disciple. He develops the awakening factor of collectedness, which then reaches full development in him.

So tathāsamāhitaṁ cittaṁ sādhukaṁ ajjhupekkhitā hoti.

With such a collectedness mind, he then cultivates equanimity with keen mindfulness.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāsamāhitaṁ cittaṁ sādhukaṁ ajjhupekkhitā hoti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, when a disciple who carefully attends with complete equanimity and a collected mind, the awakening factor of equanimity is aroused in him. At that time the disciple develops the awakening factor of equanimity, and by development it

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu …pe… citte … dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ, upaṭṭhitāssa tasmiṁ samaye sati hoti asammuṭṭhā.

At that time, when a disciple is contemplating feelings, mind, and dhammas with ardent effort, clear knowing, and mindfulness, having subdued craving and aversion for the world, there arises established and unshaken mindfulness.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno upaṭṭhitā sati hoti asammuṭṭhā, satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, satisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, when unshaken mindfulness is present within a disciple, the awakening factor of mindfulness is present within the disciple. He develops the awakening factor of mindfulness, which then reaches full development in him.

So tathāsato viharanto taṁ dhammaṁ paññāya pavicinati pavicayati parivīmaṁsaṁ āpajjati.

With such established mindfulness, he examines, investigates, and critically reviews that dhamma with wisdom.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāsato viharanto taṁ dhammaṁ paññāya pavicinati pavicayati parivīmaṁsaṁ āpajjati, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, when a disciple, endowed with such established mindfulness, examines, investigates, and critically reviews that dhamma with wisdom, the awakening factor of investigation of states is present within the disciple. He develops the awakening factor of investigation of states, which then reaches full development in him.

Tassa taṁ dhammaṁ paññāya pavicinato pavicayato parivīmaṁsaṁ āpajjato āraddhaṁ hoti vīriyaṁ asallīnaṁ.

As he examines, investigates, and critically reviews that dhamma with wisdom, energy is aroused in him, unflagging.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṁ dhammaṁ paññāya pavicinato pavicayato parivīmaṁsaṁ āpajjato āraddhaṁ hoti vīriyaṁ asallīnaṁ, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, when a disciple examines, discerns, and reflects upon the teachings with wisdom, energy that is unflagging arises. At that time, the awakening factor of energy is aroused in the disciple. At that time, the disciple develops the awakening factor of energy; it reaches fulfillment through development.

Āraddhavīriyassa uppajjati pīti nirāmisā.

For one with aroused energy, non-sensual energetic joy arises.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno āraddhavīriyassa uppajjati pīti nirāmisā, pītisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, pītisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, pītisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time when non-sensual energetic joy arises in a disciple with aroused energy, the awakening factor of energetic joy is aroused at that time in the disciple. At that time, the disciple develops the awakening factor of energetic joy; it reaches fulfillment through development.

Pītimanassa kāyopi passambhati, cittampi passambhati. Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pītimanassa kāyopi passambhati, cittampi passambhati, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

For one with a joyful mind, the body also becomes tranquil, and the mind as well becomes tranquil. At the time when the body and mind of a joyful disciple become tranquil, the awakening factor of tranquility is aroused at that time in the disciple. At that time, the disciple develops the awakening factor of tranquility; it reaches fulfillment through development.

Passaddhakāyassa sukhino cittaṁ samādhiyati.

For one with a tranquil body, the mind becomes collected.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno passaddhakāyassa sukhino cittaṁ samādhiyati, samādhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, samādhisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, samādhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time when for a disciple with a tranquil body, the mind becomes collected, the awakening factor of collectedness is aroused at that time in the disciple. At that time, the disciple develops the awakening factor of collectedness; it reaches fulfillment through development.

So tathāsamāhitaṁ cittaṁ sādhukaṁ ajjhupekkhitā hoti.

He attends closely with an equanimous mind that is well collected.

Yasmiṁ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāsamāhitaṁ cittaṁ sādhukaṁ ajjhupekkhitā hoti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati. Evaṁ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā evaṁ bahulīkatā satta sambojjhaṅge paripūrenti.

At the time when a disciple closely attends with an equanimous mind that is well collected, the awakening factor of equanimity is aroused at that time in the disciple. At that time, the disciple develops the awakening factor of equanimity; it reaches fulfillment through development.

Thus developed the four dwellings of mindfulness, when cultivated, fulfill the seven factors of awakening.

Knowing and Liberation

Kathaṁ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, satta bojjhaṅgā kathaṁ bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṁ paripūrenti?

And how when developed, do the seven factors of awakening, when cultivated, fulfill knowing and liberation?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti vivekanissitaṁ virāganissitaṁ nirodhanissitaṁ vossaggapariṇāmiṁ.

Here, a disciple develops the awakening factor of mindfulness, based on seclusion, dispassion, cessation, and maturing in relinquishment.

Dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti …pe…

He develops the awakening factor of investigation of dhammas…

vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti …

develops the awakening factor of energy…

pītisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti …

develops the awakening factor of pīti…

passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti …

develops the awakening factor of tranquility…

samādhisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti …

He cultivates the awakening factor of concentration…

upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti vivekanissitaṁ virāganissitaṁ nirodhanissitaṁ vossaggapariṇāmiṁ.

he cultivates the awakening factor of equanimity, which is grounded in seclusion, dispassion, and cessation, and matures in letting go.

Evaṁ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, satta bojjhaṅgā evaṁ bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṁ paripūrentī”ti.

Disciples, when the seven factors of awakening are thus developed and continuously practiced, they fulfill true knowing and liberation.

Idamavoca bhagavā.

Thus spoke the Blessed One.

Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.

Pleased, the disciples delighted in the words of the Blessed One.

Ānāpānassatisuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ aṭṭhamaṁ.

The Discourse on Mindfulness of Breathing is concluded.