Majjhima Nikāya 119 Kāyagatāsatisutta Evaṁ me sutaṁ— ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.

Kāyagatāsati Sutta - Mindfulness of the Body

Thus have I heard:

At one time the Blessed One was dwelling at Sāvatthī, in Jeta's Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika's Park.

Atha kho sambahulānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ pacchābhattaṁ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantānaṁ upaṭṭhānasālāyaṁ sannisinnānaṁ sannipatitānaṁ ayamantarākathā udapādi: “acchariyaṁ, āvuso, abbhutaṁ, āvuso.

Then, after the meal, on returning from their alms-round, several disciples were sitting together in the assembly hall where this conversation arose:

Amazing, friend, wonderful, friend.

Yāvañcidaṁ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā vuttā mahānisaṁsā”ti.

How the Blessed One, knowing, seeing, the Arahant, the Fully Enlightened One, has spoken of mindfulness of the body as developed and frequently practiced, leading to great benefit and great reward.

Ayañca hidaṁ tesaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ antarākathā vippakatā hoti, atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṁ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena upaṭṭhānasālā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi.

And while this conversation among those disciples was still in progress, the Blessed One, having emerged from seclusion in the evening, came to the assembly hall and sat down on the prepared seat.

Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: “kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā, kā ca pana vo antarākathā vippakatā”ti?

After sitting down, the Blessed One asked the disciples:

What were you discussing just now while you were gathered here?

What was the topic of your conversation that was interrupted?

“Idha, bhante, amhākaṁ pacchābhattaṁ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantānaṁ upaṭṭhānasālāyaṁ sannisinnānaṁ sannipatitānaṁ ayamantarākathā udapādi: ‘acchariyaṁ, āvuso, abbhutaṁ, āvuso.

Here, venerable sir, after our meal, on returning from our alms-round, sitting together in the assembly hall, this conversation arose among us: Amazing, friend, wonderful, friend.

Yāvañcidaṁ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā vuttā mahānisaṁsā’ti. Ayaṁ kho no, bhante, antarākathā vippakatā, atha bhagavā anuppatto”ti.

How the Blessed One, knowing, seeing, the Arahant, the Fully Enlightened One, has spoken of mindfulness of the body as developed and frequently practiced, leading to great benefit and great reward.

“Kathaṁ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, kāyagatāsati kathaṁ bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṁsā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṁ ābhujitvā ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā.

This was our conversation, venerable sir, that was interrupted when the Blessed One arrived.

How is mindfulness of the body developed and how is it frequently practiced so that it leads to great benefit and great reward?

So satova assasati satova passasati; dīghaṁ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṁ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; rassaṁ vā assasanto ‘rassaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, rassaṁ vā passasanto ‘rassaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘sabbakāyapaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati. Tassa evaṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato ye gehasitā sarasaṅkappā te pahīyanti. Tesaṁ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṁ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Evaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti.

Here a disciple, gone to the forest, or to the root of a tree, or to an empty hut, sits down; having folded his legs crosswise, set his body erect, and established mindfulness in the body.

Mindful he breathes in, mindful he breathes out. Breathing in long, he knows, I breathe in long; breathing out long, he knows, I breathe out long; breathing in short, he knows, I breathe in short; breathing out short, he knows, I breathe out short; he trains thus: I shall breathe in experiencing the whole body; he trains thus: I shall breathe out experiencing the whole body; he trains thus: I shall breathe in calming the bodily formation; he trains thus: I shall breathe out calming the bodily formation.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gacchanto vā ‘gacchāmī’ti pajānāti, ṭhito vā ‘ṭhitomhī’ti pajānāti, nisinno vā ‘nisinnomhī’ti pajānāti, sayāno vā ‘sayānomhī’ti pajānāti.

As he lives thus diligent, ardent, and resolute, the thoughts of household life are abandoned, and his mind unifies and concentrates.

Yathā yathā vā panassa kāyo paṇihito hoti tathā tathā naṁ pajānāti.

This is how a disciple develops mindfulness of the body.

Tassa evaṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato ye gehasitā sarasaṅkappā te pahīyanti. Tesaṁ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṁ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Evampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti.

Furthermore a disciple, when walking, knows, I am walking; when standing, he knows, I am standing; when sitting, he knows, I am sitting; when lying down, he knows, I am lying down; or however his body is disposed, he knows it.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti. Tassa evaṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato ye gehasitā sarasaṅkappā te pahīyanti.

As he lives thus diligent, ardent, and resolute, the thoughts of household life are abandoned, and his mind unifies and concentrates.

Tesaṁ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṁ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati.

In this way too a disciple develops mindfulness of the body.

Evampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ uddhaṁ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṁ pūraṁ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṁsaṁ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṁ vakkaṁ hadayaṁ yakanaṁ kilomakaṁ pihakaṁ papphāsaṁ antaṁ antaguṇaṁ udariyaṁ karīsaṁ pittaṁ semhaṁ pubbo lohitaṁ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttan’ti.

Furthermore a disciple, in going forward and returning, has clear knowing; in looking ahead and looking away, he has clear knowing; in bending and stretching, he has clear knowing; in wearing his robes and carrying his outer robe and bowl, he has clear knowing; in eating, drinking, chewing, and tasting, he has clear knowing; in defecating and urinating, he has clear knowing; in walking, standing, sitting, falling asleep, waking up, speaking, and keeping silent, he has clear knowing.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ubhatomukhā putoḷi pūrā nānāvihitassa dhaññassa, seyyathidaṁ— sālīnaṁ vīhīnaṁ muggānaṁ māsānaṁ tilānaṁ taṇḍulānaṁ, tamenaṁ cakkhumā puriso muñcitvā paccavekkheyya: ‘ime sālī ime vīhī ime muggā ime māsā ime tilā ime taṇḍulā’ti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ uddhaṁ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṁ pūraṁ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṁsaṁ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṁ vakkaṁ hadayaṁ yakanaṁ kilomakaṁ pihakaṁ papphāsaṁ antaṁ antaguṇaṁ udariyaṁ karīsaṁ pittaṁ semhaṁ pubbo lohitaṁ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttan’ti.

As he lives thus diligent, ardent, and resolute, the thoughts of household life are abandoned, and his mind unifies and concentrates.

In this way too a disciple develops mindfulness of the body. Furthermore a disciple reflects on this very body from the soles of the feet up, and from the top of the hair down, enclosed by skin, as full of many kinds of impurity: This body has hair, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, stomach, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, mucus, oil of the joints, and urine.

Tassa evaṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato ye gehasitā sarasaṅkappā te pahīyanti. Tesaṁ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṁ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Evampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ yathāṭhitaṁ yathāpaṇihitaṁ dhātuso paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.

Just as if there were a bag with an opening at both ends, full of many sorts of grain, such as hill rice, wheat, red rice, beans, peas, millet, and white rice, and a man with good eyesight, having opened it, were to reflect: This is hill rice, these are beans, these are peas, these are millet, this is white rice; so too, a disciple reflects on this very body...

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā gāviṁ vadhitvā catumahāpathe bilaso vibhajitvā nisinno assa; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ yathāṭhitaṁ yathāpaṇihitaṁ dhātuso paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.

as full of many kinds of impurity.

In this way too a disciple develops mindfulness of the body. In this body, there are the solid parts, fluids, heat, gases, digested food, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, mucus, synovial fluid, urine, etc.

Tassa evaṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato ye gehasitā sarasaṅkappā te pahīyanti.

For one who is diligent, ardent, and resolute in practice, sensual thoughts are abandoned.

Tesaṁ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṁ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati.

With their abandoning, the mind becomes settled internally, stands firm, becomes unified, and concentrated.

Evampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti.

Thus a disciple develops mindfulness of the body.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ ekāhamataṁ vā dvīhamataṁ vā tīhamataṁ vā uddhumātakaṁ vinīlakaṁ vipubbakajātaṁ.

Furthermore a disciple reflects on this very body as it is, in terms of elements: In this body, there are the earth element, water element, fire element, and air element.

So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati: ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti. Tassa evaṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato ye gehasitā sarasaṅkappā te pahīyanti.

Just as if a skilled butcher or his apprentice had killed a cow and was sitting at the crossroads with it cut up into pieces; in the same way a disciple reflects on this very body...

Tesaṁ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṁ santiṭṭhati sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati.

For one who is diligent, ardent, and resolute in practice, sensual thoughts are abandoned.

Evampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ kākehi vā khajjamānaṁ kulalehi vā khajjamānaṁ gijjhehi vā khajjamānaṁ kaṅkehi vā khajjamānaṁ sunakhehi vā khajjamānaṁ byagghehi vā khajjamānaṁ dīpīhi vā khajjamānaṁ siṅgālehi vā khajjamānaṁ vividhehi vā pāṇakajātehi khajjamānaṁ. So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati: ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti.

With their abandoning, the mind becomes settled internally, stands firm, becomes unified, and concentrated. Thus a disciple develops mindfulness of the body.

Furthermore a disciple might see a body thrown in a charnel ground, one, two, or three days dead, bloated, livid, and oozing matter. He then applies this perception to his own body: This body too is of the same nature, it will become like that, it is not exempt from that fate.

Tassa evaṁ appamattassa …pe…

For one who is diligent...

evampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti.

Thus a disciple develops mindfulness of the body.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṁ samaṁsalohitaṁ nhārusambandhaṁ …pe…

Furthermore a disciple might see a body in the charnel ground being eaten by various creatures...

aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṁ nimmaṁsalohitamakkhitaṁ nhārusambandhaṁ …pe…

He then applies this perception to his own body. For one who is diligent...

aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṁ apagatamaṁsalohitaṁ nhārusambandhaṁ …pe…

Thus a disciple develops mindfulness of the body.

aṭṭhikāni apagatasambandhāni disāvidisāvikkhittāni aññena hatthaṭṭhikaṁ aññena pādaṭṭhikaṁ aññena gopphakaṭṭhikaṁ aññena jaṅghaṭṭhikaṁ aññena ūruṭṭhikaṁ aññena kaṭiṭṭhikaṁ aññena phāsukaṭṭhikaṁ aññena piṭṭhiṭṭhikaṁ aññena khandhaṭṭhikaṁ aññena gīvaṭṭhikaṁ aññena hanukaṭṭhikaṁ aññena dantaṭṭhikaṁ aññena sīsakaṭāhaṁ.

Furthermore a disciple might see a body in the charnel ground reduced to a skeleton with flesh and blood, held together by sinews... a skeleton smeared with blood... a fleshless skeleton smeared with blood... a skeleton without flesh and blood...

So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati: ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti.

bones scattered in all directions... He then applies this perception to his own body.

Tassa evaṁ appamattassa …pe…

For one who is diligent...

evampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti.

Thus a disciple develops mindfulness of the body.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṁ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṁ— aṭṭhikāni setāni saṅkhavaṇṇapaṭibhāgāni …pe…

Furthermore a disciple might see a body in the charnel ground reduced to bleached bones...

aṭṭhikāni puñjakitāni terovassikāni …pe…

bones heaped up...

aṭṭhikāni pūtīni cuṇṇakajātāni.

bones decayed into dust.

So imameva kāyaṁ upasaṁharati: ‘ayampi kho kāyo evaṁdhammo evaṁbhāvī evaṁanatīto’ti.

He then applies this perception to his own body.

Tassa evaṁ appamattassa … pe…

For one who is diligent...

evampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti.

Thus a disciple develops mindfulness of the body.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi …pe…

Furthermore a disciple, having secluded himself from sensual pleasures...

paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.

enters and remains in the first jhana.

So imameva kāyaṁ vivekajena pītisukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati, nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa vivekajena pītisukhena apphuṭaṁ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho nhāpako vā nhāpakantevāsī vā kaṁsathāle nhānīyacuṇṇāni ākiritvā udakena paripphosakaṁ paripphosakaṁ sanneyya, sāyaṁ nhānīyapiṇḍi snehānugatā snehaparetā santarabāhirā phuṭā snehena na ca pagghariṇī; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ vivekajena pītisukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa vivekajena pītisukhena apphuṭaṁ hoti.

He suffuses, drenches, fills, and saturates his body with the joy and happiness born of seclusion, so that there is no part of his whole body not suffused with the joy and happiness born of seclusion. Just as a skilled bathman or his apprentice might knead bath powder in a brass basin with water, so that the ball of bath powder is soaked and saturated with moisture, enveloped inside and out yet does not ooze; in the same way a disciple suffuses his body with the joy and happiness born of seclusion.

Tassa evaṁ appamattassa … pe…

For one who is diligent...

evampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti.

Thus a disciple develops mindfulness of the body.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā …pe…

Furthermore a disciple, with the stilling of directed and sustained attention...

dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.

enters and remains in the second jhana.

So imameva kāyaṁ samādhijena pītisukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa samādhijena pītisukhena apphuṭaṁ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, udakarahado gambhīro ubbhidodako.

He suffuses his body with the joy and happiness born of concentration...

Tassa nevassa puratthimāya disāya udakassa āyamukhaṁ na pacchimāya disāya udakassa āyamukhaṁ na uttarāya disāya udakassa āyamukhaṁ na dakkhiṇāya disāya udakassa āyamukhaṁ; devo ca na kālena kālaṁ sammā dhāraṁ anuppaveccheyya; atha kho tamhāva udakarahadā sītā vāridhārā ubbhijjitvā tameva udakarahadaṁ sītena vārinā abhisandeyya parisandeyya paripūreyya paripphareyya, nāssa kiñci sabbāvato udakarahadassa sītena vārinā apphuṭaṁ assa; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ samādhijena pītisukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati, nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa samādhijena pītisukhena apphuṭaṁ hoti. Tassa evaṁ appamattassa …pe… evampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti.

Just as a deep lake with spring water welling up from within, having no inflow from the east, west, north, or south, and not filled by the occasional heavy rain from the sky, yet the cool water springs up from within the lake filling it, saturating it, permeating it, and overflowing it, so that there is not a single spot in the lake that is not touched by the cool water; in the same way a disciple saturates, permeates, fills, and overflows this body with the joy and happiness born of concentration, so that there is not a single spot in his body that is not touched by this joy and happiness.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā …pe… tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. So imameva kāyaṁ nippītikena sukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati, nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa nippītikena sukhena apphuṭaṁ hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, uppaliniyaṁ vā paduminiyaṁ vā puṇḍarīkiniyaṁ vā appekaccāni uppalāni vā padumāni vā puṇḍarīkāni vā udake jātāni udake saṁvaḍḍhāni udakānuggatāni antonimuggaposīni, tāni yāva caggā yāva ca mūlā sītena vārinā abhisannāni parisannāni paripūrāni paripphuṭāni, nāssa kiñci sabbāvataṁ uppalānaṁ vā padumānaṁ vā puṇḍarīkānaṁ vā sītena vārinā apphuṭaṁ assa; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ nippītikena sukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati, nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa nippītikena sukhena apphuṭaṁ hoti.

Just as in a lotus pond, some lotuses might grow and flourish while submerged in the water, thriving under the water, their entire form from tips to roots filled and pervaded by cool water without any part of the lotuses untouched by the cool water; in the same way a disciple saturates, permeates, fills, and overflows this body with the joy and happiness free from pīti, so that there is not a single spot in his body that is not touched by this joy and happiness.

Just as a man sitting wrapped from head to foot with a white cloth would be fully covered by it without any part of his body untouched by the white cloth; in the same way a disciple sits, having pervaded this very body with a pure and bright mind, so that there is not a single spot in his body that is not touched by this pure and bright mind.

Tassa evaṁ appamattassa …pe… evampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti. Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā …pe…

For one who is diligent, ardent, and resolute, the thoughts of household life are abandoned, and the mind internally settles, becomes unified, and concentrated.

catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.

Thus a disciple develops mindfulness of the body.

So imameva kāyaṁ parisuddhena cetasā pariyodātena pharitvā nisinno hoti; nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa parisuddhena cetasā pariyodātena apphuṭaṁ hoti.

For anyone who has developed and frequently practiced mindfulness of the body, the wholesome states that are beneficial become natural.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso odātena vatthena sasīsaṁ pārupitvā nisinno assa, nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa odātena vatthena apphuṭaṁ assa; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ parisuddhena cetasā pariyodātena pharitvā nisinno hoti, nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa parisuddhena cetasā pariyodātena apphuṭaṁ hoti.

Just as for anyone who has dived into the great ocean, all the streams that flow into the ocean become accessible; similarly for anyone who has developed and frequently practiced mindfulness of the body, the wholesome states that are beneficial become natural.

Tassa evaṁ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato ye gehasitā sarasaṅkappā te pahīyanti.

For anyone who has not developed or frequently practiced mindfulness of the body, Mara finds an opportunity and a foothold.

Tesaṁ pahānā ajjhattameva cittaṁ santiṭṭhati, sannisīdati ekodi hoti samādhiyati. Evampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāyagatāsatiṁ bhāveti. Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā, antogadhāvāssa kusalā dhammā ye keci vijjābhāgiyā.

Just as if a man were to throw a heavy stone ball onto a wet lump of clay, it would make an impression; similarly for anyone who has not developed or frequently practiced mindfulness of the body, Mara finds an opportunity and a foothold.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci mahāsamuddo cetasā phuṭo, antogadhāvāssa kunnadiyo yā kāci samuddaṅgamā; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā, antogadhāvāssa kusalā dhammā ye keci vijjābhāgiyā. Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, kāyagatāsati abhāvitā abahulīkatā, labhati tassa māro otāraṁ, labhati tassa māro ārammaṇaṁ.

Just as a dry piece of wood could easily catch fire when a man comes with the upper fire-stick, thinking, I will produce fire and make it blaze; similarly for anyone who has not developed or frequently practiced mindfulness of the body, Mara finds an opportunity and a foothold.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso garukaṁ silāguḷaṁ allamattikāpuñje pakkhipeyya.

Just as an empty water pot placed on a stand; then a man comes with a water carrier.

Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu taṁ garukaṁ silāguḷaṁ allamattikāpuñje labhetha otāran”ti?

What do you think would that man be able to fill the pot with water?

“Evaṁ, bhante”.

Yes, venerable sir.

“Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci kāyagatāsati abhāvitā abahulīkatā, labhati tassa māro otāraṁ, labhati tassa māro ārammaṇaṁ.

Indeed for anyone who has not developed and cultivated mindfulness directed to the body, Mara finds an opportunity and a foothold.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, sukkhaṁ kaṭṭhaṁ koḷāpaṁ; atha puriso āgaccheyya uttarāraṇiṁ ādāya: ‘aggiṁ abhinibbattessāmi, tejo pātukarissāmī’ti.

But for anyone who has developed and cultivated mindfulness directed to the body, Mara does not find an opportunity or a foothold.

Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu so puriso amuṁ sukkhaṁ kaṭṭhaṁ koḷāpaṁ uttarāraṇiṁ ādāya abhimanthento aggiṁ abhinibbatteyya, tejo pātukareyyā”ti?

Just as if a man were to throw a light ball of string onto a wooden peg, do you think that man would be able to make the light ball of string land on the peg?

“Evaṁ, bhante”.

No, venerable sir.

“Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci kāyagatāsati abhāvitā abahulīkatā, labhati tassa māro otāraṁ, labhati tassa māro ārammaṇaṁ.

In the same way for anyone who has developed and cultivated mindfulness directed to the body, Mara does not find an opportunity or a foothold.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, udakamaṇiko ritto tuccho ādhāre ṭhapito; atha puriso āgaccheyya udakabhāraṁ ādāya. Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu so puriso labhetha udakassa nikkhepanan”ti? “Evaṁ, bhante”. “Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci kāyagatāsati abhāvitā abahulīkatā, labhati tassa māro otāraṁ, labhati tassa māro ārammaṇaṁ.

Just as a wet piece of wood smeared with grease; then a man comes with an upper fire-stick, thinking: I will produce fire, I will produce heat. Do you think that man would be able to produce fire and heat by rubbing the upper fire-stick on the wet, greasy wood? No, venerable sir.

Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā, na tassa labhati māro otāraṁ, na tassa labhati māro ārammaṇaṁ.

In the same way for anyone who has developed and cultivated mindfulness directed to the body, Mara does not find an opportunity or a foothold.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso lahukaṁ suttaguḷaṁ sabbasāramaye aggaḷaphalake pakkhipeyya.

Just as a water jug filled to the brim and placed on a stand; then a man comes carrying a load of water.

Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu so puriso taṁ lahukaṁ suttaguḷaṁ sabbasāramaye aggaḷaphalake labhetha otāran”ti?

Do you think that man would be able to add any water to it?

“No hetaṁ, bhante”.

No, venerable sir.

“Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā, na tassa labhati māro otāraṁ, na tassa labhati māro ārammaṇaṁ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, allaṁ kaṭṭhaṁ sasnehaṁ; atha puriso āgaccheyya uttarāraṇiṁ ādāya: ‘aggiṁ abhinibbattessāmi, tejo pātukarissāmī’ti.

In the same way for anyone who has developed and cultivated mindfulness directed to the body, Mara does not find an opportunity or a foothold.

Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu so puriso amuṁ allaṁ kaṭṭhaṁ sasnehaṁ uttarāraṇiṁ ādāya abhimanthento aggiṁ abhinibbatteyya, tejo pātukareyyā”ti? “No hetaṁ, bhante”. “Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā, na tassa labhati māro otāraṁ, na tassa labhati māro ārammaṇaṁ.

For anyone who has developed and cultivated mindfulness directed to the body, whenever they direct their mind towards any state that should be realized through direct knowing, right there they have the potential to witness it, provided they have the basis of mindfulness.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, udakamaṇiko pūro udakassa samatittiko kākapeyyo ādhāre ṭhapito; atha puriso āgaccheyya udakabhāraṁ ādāya.

Just as a water jug filled to the brim and placed on a stand.

Taṁ kiṁ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu so puriso labhetha udakassa nikkhepanan”ti?

If a strong man were to tip it, would water come out?

“No hetaṁ, bhante”.

Yes, venerable sir.

“Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā, na tassa labhati māro otāraṁ, na tassa labhati māro ārammaṇaṁ. Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā, so yassa yassa abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyassa dhammassa cittaṁ abhininnāmeti abhiññāsacchikiriyāya, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṁ pāpuṇāti sati satiāyatane.

In the same way for anyone who has developed and cultivated mindfulness directed to the body, whenever they direct their mind towards any state that should be realized through direct knowing, right there they have the potential to witness it, provided they have the basis of mindfulness.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, udakamaṇiko pūro udakassa samatittiko kākapeyyo ādhāre ṭhapito.

Just as in a flat area there is a pond filled to the brim with water, so that it could overflow.

Tamenaṁ balavā puriso yato yato āviñcheyya, āgaccheyya udakan”ti?

If a strong man were to open a channel, would water flow out?

“Evaṁ, bhante”.

Yes, venerable sir.

“Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā so, yassa yassa abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyassa dhammassa cittaṁ abhininnāmeti abhiññāsacchikiriyāya, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṁ pāpuṇāti sati satiāyatane.

In the same way for anyone who has developed and cultivated mindfulness directed to the body, whenever they direct their mind towards any state that should be realized through direct knowing, right there they have the potential to witness it, provided they have the basis of mindfulness.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, same bhūmibhāge caturassā pokkharaṇī assa āḷibandhā pūrā udakassa samatittikā kākapeyyā.

Just as on level ground there is a chariot harnessed to thoroughbreds, ready, with the whip lying ready.

Tamenaṁ balavā puriso yato yato āḷiṁ muñceyya āgaccheyya udakan”ti? “Evaṁ, bhante”. “Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā, so yassa yassa abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyassa dhammassa cittaṁ abhininnāmeti abhiññāsacchikiriyāya, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṁ pāpuṇāti sati satiāyatane. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, subhūmiyaṁ catumahāpathe ājaññaratho yutto assa ṭhito odhastapatodo; tamenaṁ dakkho yoggācariyo assadammasārathi abhiruhitvā vāmena hatthena rasmiyo gahetvā dakkhiṇena hatthena patodaṁ gahetvā yenicchakaṁ yadicchakaṁ sāreyyāpi paccāsāreyyāpi; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā, so yassa yassa abhiññāsacchikaraṇīyassa dhammassa cittaṁ abhininnāmeti abhiññāsacchikiriyāya, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṁ pāpuṇāti sati satiāyatane.

A skilled charioteer, a trainer of horses to be tamed, mounts it and, taking the reins in his left hand and the whip in his right hand, he drives out and back in any direction he wishes; in the same way for anyone who has developed and cultivated mindfulness directed to the body, whenever they direct their mind towards any state that should be realized through direct knowing, right there they have the potential to witness it, provided they have the basis of mindfulness.

By developing and cultivating mindfulness directed to the body, making it a vehicle, making it a basis, establishing it, consolidating it, and properly undertaking it, ten benefits are expected.

Kāyagatāya, bhikkhave, satiyā āsevitāya bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya dasānisaṁsā pāṭikaṅkhā.

One overcomes both discontent and delight, and one is able to endure both discontent and delight.

Aratiratisaho hoti, na ca taṁ arati sahati, uppannaṁ aratiṁ abhibhuyya viharati.

One overcomes fear and dread, and one is able to endure fear and dread.

Bhayabheravasaho hoti, na ca taṁ bhayabheravaṁ sahati, uppannaṁ bhayabheravaṁ abhibhuyya viharati. Khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassa jighacchāya pipāsāya ḍaṁsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānaṁ duruttānaṁ durāgatānaṁ vacanapathānaṁ, uppannānaṁ sārīrikānaṁ vedanānaṁ dukkhānaṁ tibbānaṁ kharānaṁ kaṭukānaṁ asātānaṁ amanāpānaṁ pāṇaharānaṁ adhivāsakajātiko hoti.

One becomes able to withstand cold, heat, hunger, thirst, the touch of flies, mosquitoes, wind, sun, and creeping things, and abusive, unwelcome speech, and one becomes capable of enduring bodily feelings that, when they arise, are painful, sharp, cutting, bitter, disagreeable, distressing, and menacing to life.

Catunnaṁ jhānānaṁ ābhicetasikānaṁ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṁ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.

One enjoys the four jhanas that constitute the higher mind and provide pleasant living here and now.

One wields various kinds of psychic power: being one, one becomes many; being many, one becomes one; appears and vanishes; goes unhindered through a wall, through an enclosure, through a mountain, as though through space; dives in and out of the earth as though it were water; walks on water without sinking as though it were earth; seated cross-legged, he travels in space like a bird; with his hand he touches and strokes the moon and the sun, so powerful and mighty; he exercises mastery with the body as far as the Brahma world.

So anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccānubhoti. Ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti, āvibhāvaṁ …pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vatteti.

With the purified divine ear-element, he hears both kinds of sounds, the divine and the human, those that are far as well as near.

Dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāti dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike ca …pe….

He knows the minds of other beings, of other persons, having encompassed them with his own mind.

Parasattānaṁ parapuggalānaṁ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti. Sarāgaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sarāgaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti, vītarāgaṁ vā cittaṁ …pe…

He knows a mind with attachment as a mind with attachment, a mind without attachment ...

sadosaṁ vā cittaṁ …

a mind with hatred ...

vītadosaṁ vā cittaṁ …

a mind without hatred ...

samohaṁ vā cittaṁ …

a mind with delusion ...

vītamohaṁ vā cittaṁ …

a mind without delusion ...

saṅkhittaṁ vā cittaṁ …

a contracted mind ...

vikkhittaṁ vā cittaṁ …

a distracted mind ...

mahaggataṁ vā cittaṁ …

an exalted mind ...

amahaggataṁ vā cittaṁ …

a not exalted mind ...

sauttaraṁ vā cittaṁ …

a surpassed mind ...

anuttaraṁ vā cittaṁ …

an unsurpassed mind ...

samāhitaṁ vā cittaṁ …

a concentrated mind ...

asamāhitaṁ vā cittaṁ …

an unconcentrated mind ...

vimuttaṁ vā cittaṁ …

a liberated mind ...

avimuttaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘avimuttaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.

an unliberated mind as an unliberated mind.

So anekavihitaṁ pubbenivāsaṁ anussarati, seyyathidaṁ—ekampi jātiṁ dvepi jātiyo …pe…

He recollects his manifold past lives, such as one birth, two births ...

iti sākāraṁ sauddesaṁ anekavihitaṁ pubbenivāsaṁ anussarati.

thus with details and in sequence, he recollects his manifold past lives.

Dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti. Āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Kāyagatāya, bhikkhave, satiyā āsevitāya bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya ime dasānisaṁsā pāṭikaṅkhā”ti.

With the divine eye, purified and surpassing the human, he sees beings passing away and reappearing, inferior and superior, fair and ugly, fortunate and unfortunate, and knows how beings pass on according to their actions.

Through the destruction of the taints, he realizes for himself with direct knowing, in this very life, the taintless liberation of mind, liberation by wisdom, and having attained it, he dwells in it.

Disciples, when mindfulness of the body is developed, cultivated, made much of, used as a vehicle, established, thoroughly set up, and well undertaken, these ten benefits can be expected.

Idamavoca bhagavā.

Thus spoke the Blessed One.

Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.

The disciples were pleased and delighted in the Blessed One's words.

Kāyagatāsatisuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ navamaṁ.

The Discourse on Mindfulness of the Body is finished.