Saṁyutta Nikāya 54.13 2.

The First Discourse to Ānanda

Dutiyavagga Paṭhamaānandasutta Sāvatthinidānaṁ.

Originating in Sāvatthī.

Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi.

Then the Venerable Ānanda approached the Blessed One, paid homage to him, and sat down to one side.

Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “atthi nu kho, bhante, ekadhammo bhāvito bahulīkato cattāro dhamme paripūreti, cattāro dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta dhamme paripūrenti, satta dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā dve dhamme paripūrentī”ti?

Seated to one side, the Venerable Ānanda said to the Blessed One: Is there, venerable sir, one thing developed and cultivated that fulfills four things, four things developed and cultivated that fulfill seven things, and seven things developed and cultivated that fulfill two things?

“Atthi kho, ānanda, ekadhammo bhāvito bahulīkato cattāro dhamme paripūreti, cattāro dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta dhamme paripūrenti, satta dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā dve dhamme paripūrentī”ti.

There is, Ānanda, one thing developed and cultivated that fulfills four things, four things developed and cultivated that fulfill seven things, and seven things developed and cultivated that fulfill two things.

“Katamo pana, bhante, ekadhammo bhāvito bahulīkato cattāro dhamme paripūreti, cattāro dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta dhamme paripūrenti, satta dhammā bhāvitā bahulīkatā dve dhamme paripūrentī”ti?

But what, venerable sir, is that one thing developed and cultivated that fulfills four things, four things developed and cultivated that fulfill seven things, and seven things developed and cultivated that fulfill two things?

“Ānāpānassatisamādhi kho, ānanda, ekadhammo bhāvito bahulīkato cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrenti, satta bojjhaṅgā bhāvitā bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṁ paripūrenti.

Ānanda, it is mindfulness of breathing that, when developed and cultivated, fulfills the four dwellings of mindfulness; the four dwellings of mindfulness, when developed and cultivated, fulfill the seven factors of enlightenment; the seven factors of enlightenment, when developed and cultivated, fulfill true knowing and liberation.

Kathaṁ bhāvito, ānanda, ānāpānassatisamādhi kathaṁ bahulīkato cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti?

And how, Ānanda, is mindfulness of breathing developed and cultivated so that it fulfills the four dwellings of mindfulness?

Idhānanda, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṁ ābhujitvā ujuṁ kāyaṁ paṇidhāya parimukhaṁ satiṁ upaṭṭhapetvā. So satova assasati, satova passasati. Dīghaṁ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṁ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti …pe…

Here, Ānanda, a disciple, having gone to the forest, to the root of a tree, or to an empty hut, sits down; having folded his legs crosswise, set his body erect, and established mindfulness on itself, ever mindful he breathes in, mindful he breaths out.

‘paṭinissaggānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘paṭinissaggānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati.

He trains thus: I shall breathe in contemplating relinquishment; he trains thus: I shall breathe out contemplating relinquishment.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhu dīghaṁ vā assasanto ‘dīghaṁ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṁ vā passasanto ‘dīghaṁ passasāmī’ti pajānāti; rassaṁ vā …pe…

On that occasion, Ānanda, a disciple dwells contemplating the body in the body, ardent, fully aware, and mindful, having put away craving and aversion for the world.

‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ kāyasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati— kāye kāyānupassī, ānanda, bhikkhu tasmiṁ samaye viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ. Taṁ kissa hetu?

And why is that?

Kāyaññatarāhaṁ, ānanda, etaṁ vadāmi, yadidaṁ—assāsapassāsaṁ.

Because, Ānanda, I say that this is a certain body among the bodies, namely, in-breathing and out-breathing.

Tasmātihānanda, kāye kāyānupassī bhikkhu tasmiṁ samaye viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

Therefore, Ānanda, on that occasion a disciple dwells contemplating the body in the body, ardent, fully aware, and mindful, having put away craving and aversion for the world.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhu ‘pītippaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, sukhappaṭisaṁvedī …pe…

He trains thus: I shall breathe in experiencing pīti; he trains thus: I shall breathe out experiencing pīti.

cittasaṅkhārappaṭisaṁvedī … ‘passambhayaṁ cittasaṅkhāraṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘passambhayaṁ cittasaṅkhāraṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati— vedanāsu vedanānupassī, ānanda, bhikkhu tasmiṁ samaye viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

... He trains thus: I shall breathe in experiencing the mental formation; he trains thus: I shall breathe out experiencing the mental formation.

On that occasion, Ānanda, a disciple dwells contemplating feelings in feelings, ardent, fully aware, and mindful, having put away craving and aversion for the world.

Taṁ kissa hetu?

And why is that?

Vedanāññatarāhaṁ, ānanda, etaṁ vadāmi, yadidaṁ—assāsapassāsānaṁ sādhukaṁ manasikāraṁ.

Because, Ānanda, I say that this is a certain feeling among the feelings, namely, in-breathing and out-breathing.

Tasmātihānanda, vedanāsu vedanānupassī bhikkhu tasmiṁ samaye viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

Therefore, Ānanda, on that occasion a disciple dwells contemplating feelings in feelings, ardent, fully aware, and mindful, having put away craving and aversion for the world.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhu ‘cittappaṭisaṁvedī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘cittappaṭisaṁvedī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati; abhippamodayaṁ cittaṁ …pe…

On that occasion, Ānanda, a disciple trains thus: I shall breathe in experiencing the mind; he trains thus: I shall breathe out experiencing the mind. ...

samādahaṁ cittaṁ … ‘vimocayaṁ cittaṁ assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘vimocayaṁ cittaṁ passasissāmī’ti sikkhati— citte cittānupassī, ānanda, bhikkhu tasmiṁ samaye viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

He trains thus: I shall breathe in liberating the mind; he trains thus: I shall breathe out liberating the mind.

On that occasion, Ānanda, a disciple dwells contemplating mind in mind, ardent, fully aware, and mindful, having put away craving and aversion for the world.

Taṁ kissa hetu?

And why is that?

Nāhaṁ, ānanda, muṭṭhassatissa asampajānassa ānāpānassatisamādhibhāvanaṁ vadāmi.

Because, Ānanda, I do not say that there is development of mindfulness of breathing for one who is forgetful and not fully aware.

Tasmātihānanda, citte cittānupassī bhikkhu tasmiṁ samaye viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

Therefore, Ānanda, on that occasion a disciple dwells contemplating mind in mind, ardent, fully aware, and mindful, having put away craving and aversion for the world.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhu aniccānupassī …pe… virāgānupassī … nirodhānupassī … ‘paṭinissaggānupassī assasissāmī’ti sikkhati, ‘paṭinissaggānupassī passasissāmī’ti sikkhati— dhammesu dhammānupassī, ānanda, bhikkhu tasmiṁ samaye viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

On that occasion, Ānanda, a disciple trains thus: I shall breathe in contemplating impermanence; he trains thus: I shall breathe out contemplating impermanence. ... He trains thus: I shall breathe in contemplating relinquishment; he trains thus: I shall breathe out contemplating relinquishment.

On that occasion, Ānanda, a disciple dwells contemplating phenomena in phenomena, ardent, fully aware, and mindful, having put away craving and aversion for the world.

So yaṁ taṁ hoti abhijjhādomanassānaṁ pahānaṁ taṁ paññāya disvā sādhukaṁ ajjhupekkhitā hoti.

Seeing with wisdom the abandoning of craving and aversion, he closely looks on with equanimity.

Tasmātihānanda, dhammesu dhammānupassī bhikkhu tasmiṁ samaye viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ.

Therefore, Ānanda, on that occasion a disciple dwells contemplating phenomena in phenomena, ardent, fully aware, and mindful, having put away craving and aversion for the world.

Evaṁ bhāvito kho, ānanda, ānāpānassatisamādhi evaṁ bahulīkato cattāro satipaṭṭhāne paripūreti.

Thus developed and cultivated, Ānanda, mindfulness of breathing fulfills the four dwellings of mindfulness.

Kathaṁ bhāvitā cānanda, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā kathaṁ bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrenti?

And how, Ānanda, are the four dwellings of mindfulness developed and cultivated so that they fulfill the seven factors of enlightenment?

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati— upaṭṭhitāssa tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno sati hoti asammuṭṭhā.

At the time, Ānanda, when a disciple dwells contemplating the body in the body: at that time, the disciple's mindfulness is established and not confused.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhuno upaṭṭhitā sati hoti asammuṭṭhā—satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, satisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, Ānanda, when the disciple's mindfulness is established and not confused: the mindfulness enlightenment factor is aroused in the disciple at that time, the disciple develops the mindfulness enlightenment factor, and the mindfulness enlightenment factor reaches fulfillment in the disciple at that time.

So tathā sato viharanto taṁ dhammaṁ paññāya pavicinati pavicarati parivīmaṁsamāpajjati.

Dwelling thus mindful, he investigates, examines, and inquires into that state with wisdom.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhu tathā sato viharanto taṁ dhammaṁ paññāya pavicinati pavicarati parivīmaṁsamāpajjati— dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, Ānanda, when a disciple dwelling thus mindful investigates, examines, and inquires into that state with wisdom: the investigation-of-states enlightenment factor is aroused in the disciple at that time, the disciple develops the investigation-of-states enlightenment factor, and the investigation-of-states enlightenment factor reaches fulfillment in the disciple at that time.

Tassa taṁ dhammaṁ paññāya pavicinato pavicarato parivīmaṁsamāpajjato āraddhaṁ hoti vīriyaṁ asallīnaṁ.

As he investigates, examines, and inquires into that state with wisdom, energy that is not slack is aroused in him.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhuno taṁ dhammaṁ paññāya pavicinato pavicarato parivīmaṁsamāpajjato āraddhaṁ hoti vīriyaṁ asallīnaṁ— vīriyasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, vīriyasambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, Ānanda, when the disciple's energy that is not slack is aroused: the energy enlightenment factor is aroused in the disciple at that time, the disciple develops the energy enlightenment factor, and the energy enlightenment factor reaches fulfillment in the disciple at that time.

Āraddhavīriyassa uppajjati pīti nirāmisā.

When energy is aroused, joy that is free from sensuality arises.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhuno āraddhavīriyassa uppajjati pīti nirāmisā— pītisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, pītisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, pītisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, Ānanda, when joy that is free from sensuality arises in the disciple whose energy is aroused: the joy enlightenment factor is aroused in the disciple at that time, the disciple develops the joy enlightenment factor, and the joy enlightenment factor reaches fulfillment in the disciple at that time.

Pītimanassa kāyopi passambhati, cittampi passambhati.

When the mind is joyful, the body and mind become tranquil.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhuno pītimanassa kāyopi passambhati, cittampi passambhati— passaddhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, Ānanda, when the disciple's body and mind become tranquil: the tranquility enlightenment factor is aroused in the disciple at that time, the disciple develops the tranquility enlightenment factor, and the tranquility enlightenment factor reaches fulfillment in the disciple at that time.

Passaddhakāyassa sukhino cittaṁ samādhiyati.

When the body is tranquil and happy, the mind becomes concentrated.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhuno passaddhakāyassa sukhino cittaṁ samādhiyati— samādhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, samādhisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, samādhisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, Ānanda, when the disciple's mind becomes concentrated: the concentration enlightenment factor is aroused in the disciple at that time, the disciple develops the concentration enlightenment factor, and the concentration enlightenment factor reaches fulfillment in the disciple at that time.

So tathāsamāhitaṁ cittaṁ sādhukaṁ ajjhupekkhitā hoti.

Dwelling thus with a concentrated mind, he carefully observes with equanimity.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhu tathāsamāhitaṁ cittaṁ sādhukaṁ ajjhupekkhitā hoti— upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, Ānanda, when a disciple dwelling thus with a concentrated mind carefully observes with equanimity: the equanimity enlightenment factor is aroused in the disciple at that time, the disciple develops the equanimity enlightenment factor, and the equanimity enlightenment factor reaches fulfillment in the disciple at that time.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhu vedanāsu …pe…

At the time, Ānanda, when a disciple dwells contemplating feelings...

citte …pe…

mind...

dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati— upaṭṭhitāssa tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno sati hoti asammuṭṭhā.

phenomena: at that time, the disciple's mindfulness is established and not confused.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhuno upaṭṭhitā sati hoti asammuṭṭhā— satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, satisambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, satisambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, Ānanda, when the disciple's mindfulness is established and not confused, the mindfulness enlightenment factor is aroused in the disciple at that time, the disciple develops the mindfulness enlightenment factor, and the mindfulness enlightenment factor reaches fulfillment in the disciple at that time.

(Yathā paṭhamaṁ satipaṭṭhānaṁ, evaṁ vitthāretabbaṁ.)

(As with the first foundation of mindfulness, so it should be elaborated.)

So tathāsamāhitaṁ cittaṁ sādhukaṁ ajjhupekkhitā hoti.

Dwelling thus with a concentrated mind, he carefully observes with equanimity.

Yasmiṁ samaye, ānanda, bhikkhu tathāsamāhitaṁ cittaṁ sādhukaṁ ajjhupekkhitā hoti— upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno āraddho hoti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhu bhāveti, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo tasmiṁ samaye bhikkhuno bhāvanāpāripūriṁ gacchati.

At the time, Ānanda, when a disciple dwelling thus with a concentrated mind carefully observes with equanimity: the equanimity enlightenment factor is aroused in the disciple at that time, the disciple develops the equanimity enlightenment factor, and the equanimity enlightenment factor reaches fulfillment in the disciple at that time.

Evaṁ bhāvitā kho, ānanda, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā evaṁ bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrenti.

Thus developed, Ānanda, the four dwellings of mindfulness thus frequently practiced fulfill the seven factors of enlightenment.

Kathaṁ bhāvitā, ānanda, satta bojjhaṅgā kathaṁ bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṁ paripūrenti?

How, Ānanda, are the seven factors of enlightenment developed and frequently practiced to fulfill knowing and liberation?

Idhānanda, bhikkhu satisambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti vivekanissitaṁ virāganissitaṁ nirodhanissitaṁ vossaggapariṇāmiṁ, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti …pe…

Ānanda, a disciple develops the mindfulness enlightenment factor dependent on seclusion, dispassion, cessation, and leading to relinquishment,

develops the investigation-of-states enlightenment factor...

upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṁ bhāveti vivekanissitaṁ virāganissitaṁ nirodhanissitaṁ vossaggapariṇāmiṁ.

develops the equanimity enlightenment factor dependent on seclusion, dispassion, cessation, and leading to relinquishment.

Evaṁ bhāvitā kho, ānanda, satta bojjhaṅgā evaṁ bahulīkatā vijjāvimuttiṁ paripūrentī”ti. Tatiyaṁ.

Thus developed, Ānanda, the seven factors of enlightenment thus frequently practiced fulfill knowing and liberation.